Welcome to "Orphestrum"! A writing space for an instant writer Rumana Reza who believes in Creativity, Uniqueness and Quality Works.It's not a typical or ordinary Blog. Hope, it will help you to discover, to see the things in new ways.Different types of topics like Religion,Science,Diplomacy, Archaeology,History,Culture,Politics, Mythology,Critical Analysis,Business,Story etc.- anything would be discussed here .Simply,a blog of mixed contents.
A refugee tries to help a friend who lies unconscious after being saved from the sea in Kuala Langsa,East Aceh,indonesia.
Photograph: Hotli Simanjuntak/EPA(Source: https://www.theguardian.com)
Can you remember this heart touching photograph ?Yes, time might heals everything;but not misdeeds. Someday, somehow everyone has to pay for their (evil)acts - either through regrets or punishment ! Therefore, this snap might seem little older in 2016,but its impact is yet uncalculated.
Photo: Collected
For a considerable length of time, Rohingya Muslims have been escaping Myanmar, a Buddhist dominant part nation where they are compelled to live in politically-sanctioned racial segregation like conditions and denied access to employments, instruction and social insurance.
Rohingya refugees:
Rohingya migrants jump to collect food supplies dropped by a thai army helicopter from a boat drifting off Koh Lipe in the Andaman Sea.(Photograph: Christophe Archambault/AFP/Getty Images) [Source:https://www.theguardian.com]
The 2015 Rohingya displaced person emergency alludes to the mass relocation of a great many Rohingya individuals from Myanmar (otherwise called Burma) and Bangladesh in 2015, on the whole named 'boat people' by universal media. Nearly all that fled flew out to Southeast Asian nations including Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand by unsteady pontoons through the waters of the Strait of Malacca and the Andaman Sea.The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees appraises that 25,000 individuals have been taken to vessels from January to March in 2015 by human traffickers. There are cases that around 100 individuals kicked the bucket in Indonesia, 200 in Malaysia, and 10 in Thailand while on their excursion after the traffickers surrendered them at sea.
UN: Food aid for 80,000 Rohingya blocked by Myanmar
(source:http://www.newsody.com/news/un-food-aid-for-80000-rohingya-blocked-by-myanmar/589751/)
A transcendently Rohingya territory in the north of the state has been shut off after assaults on police posts professedly by Rohingya warriors over a week back incited a surge in government troops, WFP said in an announcement on Wednesday.Nourishment help conveyances got ready for more than 80,000 individuals in Myanmar's Rakhine state have been blocked due to a military clampdown in the territory, as per the UN's World Food Program (WFP).
Across the board and continuous infringement against Myanmar's Muslim Rohingya minority could add up to "crimes against humanity", the United Nations has said.
Discriminative reactions:
U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon (right) meets with Myanmar's Foreign Minister
(Source: http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/09/25/asia-pacific/crime-legal-asia-pacific/myanmar-uses-green-card-argument-to-defend-barring-stateless-rohingya-from-voting/#.WAis2GZ97IU )
At whatever point any uproar or viciousnesstakes the feature of print or electronic media,world leaders,think tanks,media identities begin to sit tight and speak out uproariously about human rights.But is the genuine strides of world group break even with for all? Clearly not.That's the reason steps that taken for resuscitate Iraq's democracy,sympathy for East Timor are not seen yet at Rohingya issue.
Geo-strategic and diplomatic secrets behind Rohingya crisis:
The Union Minister for External Affairs, Shri S.M. Krishna and the Minister for National Planning and Economic Development of Myanmar, Mr. U Soe Tha signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) regarding Indian Grant Assistance for Implementation of Small Development Projects, in the presence of the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh and the Chairman, State Peace and Development Council, Myanmar, Sr. Gen. Than Shwe, in New Delhi on July 27, 2010. P D Photo by M Asokan
Settled deliberately amongst India and China, Burma is rich in fossil energizes and other mineral assets, including oil, gas, gold, timber and jade. In 2013,as Forbes reports , thanks to Burma's "vast, untapped reserves of oil and natural gas" – estimated at between 11 trillion and 23 trillion cubic feet – "and with sanctions over and a world thirsty for new sources of energy, Western multinationals are eager to sign deals."This condition has impelled western speculators searching for their next territorial wander.
China's New Silk Road
(Source:http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/10/20/448570236/in-a-remote-seaside-town-china-envisions-a-major-trade-route )
Then again, ascending of China,China's fantasy of reviewing the 'Silk Road' and the geo-vital position of Myanmar is a threat for western community.Therefore, their response towards Rohingya emergency is too delicate and gentle yet.
In Jewish history, Jews have encountered various mass removals or alienation by different nearby powers and have looked for asylum in different nations.
The Land of Israel was constantly viewed by Jews as the Jewish country, however all through the vast majority of Jewish history they were banished from the land. After its foundation in 1948, the State of Israel embraced the 1950 Law of Return reestablishing Israel as the Jewish country and making it the place of asylum for Jewish displaced people at the time and into what's to come. This law was planned to urge Jews to come back to their country in Israel.
After 1970 the Jackson–Vanik correction concurred those Jewish travelers from the Soviet alliance nations who coveted to enter the United States exile status joined with government help with the underlying phases of their resettlement.
And now we are watching the impact of Jews at present world!
Would Arakan be a State like Israel?:
Israeli freedom compared to neighbors
(Source:http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_print=1&x_context=7&x_issue=69&x_article=2197)
Through the books and media,almost each enlightened, grown-up individuals know the story of Israel.The israelis ,once who was got out from their land,now overwhelming the world on the shoulder of United States.Including weapons business,total economic sector is caught by them.
Similarly, Rohingyas are now being the victim through the 'ethnic cleansing' in Myanmar.To survive,they are currently inspired by arms ,drugs trafficking.The Bangladesh - Myanmar border is permeable and carrying is basic: from (Chinese) shopper items to drugs (from the Golden Triangle) and arms; radicals pirate to get cash and arms.Since the circumstance in Arakan is on a very basic level unaltered, an evacuee convergence is conceivable whenever.
Photo edited by:Rumana Reza (Writer)
As like as 'promised land' called Israel,who knows, Arakan would be the guaranteed arrive for Rohingyas?Who knows, one day they may dominate the world on China's shoulder?Like Israelis in middle east , would they warm up the earth of Asia?
In my previous posts , I've analyzed how dragons and dinosaurs are sharing the same story. How they are connected to some ancient heroes and aliens.My logic on this has already explained there . Now I'm gonna show you how the relations between China and Iran will share end times.
Relations between Iran and China (Ancient Period):
Iran and China are sharing some common ancient histories or
having some anthropological relations that needed a glance here. They refer to
the historic diplomatic, cultural and economic relations between the cultures
of China proper and Greater Iran.
In Mythology:
Kay Kāvus (Persian:
كيكاوس; Avestan: Kauui Usan); sometimes Kai-Káús
or Kai-Kaus, is a mythological shah of Iran and a character in the Shāhnāmeh.
He is the son of Kay Qobād and the father of prince Seyāvash. Kāvus rules Iran
for one hundred and fifty years during which he is frequently though
increasingly grudgingly aided by the famous hero Rostam. He is succeeded by his
grandson Kai Khosrow.The Flying Throne of Kay Kāvus was a legendary
eagle-propelled craft built by Kay Kāvus, used for flying the king all the way
to China.
Cyrus the Great from Persia and China:
I’ve already discussed here why I have tried to build a bridge between Cyrus
the Great , son of Cambyses and China. If we compare the two following
pictures, it will be clearer.
Black and white crop of full plate scan, from Austen Henry Layard's
'Monuments of Nineveh, Second Series' plate 19/83, London, J. Murray, 1853
A bronze coin (5 Shu, 五銖) of the en:Han Dynasty (China) - circa 1st century BCE.
The most mass circulated coin in Han China.
Both the pictures above have a common ‘hexdent’ sign. Weapons that shown in
Cyrus’ hands to kill the dragons or griffins, are hexdent. On the other hand,
that bronze coin having that sign too.
Official
Recorded Relations:
The ancient Parthians and Sassanid empires (occupying much
of present Iran and Central Asia) had various contacts with the Han and Tang
Dynasty empires occupying what is now the People's Republic of China. The two
lands were further connected via the Silk Road.
Parthian era
The 138–126 BCE travels of Zhang Qian to the West, Mogao
Caves, 618–712 CE mural
The Chinese explorer Zhang Qian, who visited the neighbouring countries of Bactria
and Sogdiana in 126 BCE, made the first known Chinese report on Parthia. In his
accounts Parthia is named "Ānxī" (Chinese: 安息),
a transliteration of "Arsacid", the name of the Parthian dynasty.
Zhang Qian clearly identifies Parthia as an advanced urban civilization, which
he equates to those of Dayuan (in Ferghana) and Daxia (in Bactria).
"Anxi is
situated several thousand li west of the region of the Great Yuezhi (in Transoxonia).
The people are settled on the land, cultivating the fields and growing rice and
wheat. They also make wine out of grapes. They have walled cities like the
people of Dayuan (Ferghana), the region contains several hundred cities of
various sizes. The coins of the country are made of silver and bear the face of
the king. When the king dies, the currency is immediately changed and new coins
issued with the face of his successor. The people keep records by writing on
horizontal strips of leather. To the west lies Tiaozi (Mesopotamia) and to the
north Yancai and Lixuan (Hyrcania)." (Shiji, 123, Zhang Qian quote, trans.
Burton Watson).
Following Zhang Qian's embassy and report, commercial relations between
China, Central Asia, and Parthia flourished, as many Chinese missions were sent
throughout the 1st century BCE: "The largest of these embassies to foreign
states numbered several hundred persons, while even the smaller parties
included over 100 members… In the course of one year anywhere from five to six
to over ten parties would be sent out." (Shiji, trans. Burton Watson).
The Parthians were apparently very intent on maintaining good relations with
China and also sent their own embassies, starting around 110 BC: "When the
Han envoy first visited the kingdom of Anxi (Parthia), the king of Anxi
dispatched a party of 20,000 horsemen to meet them on the eastern border of the
kingdom… When the Han envoys set out again to return to China, the king of Anxi
dispatched envoys of his own to accompany them… The emperor was delighted at
this." (Shiji,123, trans. Burton Watson.
Parthians also played a role in the Silk Road transmission of Buddhism from
Central Asia to China. An Shih Kao, a Parthian nobleman and Buddhist
missionary, went to the Chinese capital Luoyang in 148 CE where he established
temples and became the first man to translate Buddhist scriptures into Chinese.
Sassanid era
Like their predecessors the Parthians, the Sassanid Empire maintained active
foreign relations with China, and ambassadors from Persia frequently travelled
to China. Chinese documents record thirteen Sassanid embassies to China.
Commercially, land and sea trade with China was important to both the Sassanid
and Chinese Empires. Large numbers of Sassanid coins have been found in
southern China, confirming maritime trade.
On various occasions, Sassanid kings sent their most talented Persian
musicians and dancers to the Chinese imperial court. Both empires benefited
from trade along the Silk Road, and shared a common interest in preserving and
protecting that trade. They cooperated in guarding the trade routes through
central Asia, and both built outposts in border areas to keep caravans safe
from nomadic tribes and bandits.
During the Liang Dynasty in China, in 547 a Persian embassy paid tribute to
the Liang, amber was recorded as originating from Persia by the Liang Shu (Book
of Liang).
There are record of several joint Sassanid and Chinese efforts against their
common Hephtalite enemy. Following encroachments by the nomadic Turkic on
states in Central Asia, we also see what looks like a collaboration between
Chinese and Sassanid forces to repel the Turkic advances. Documents from Mt.
Mogh also note the presence of a Chinese general in the service of the king of Sogdiana
at the time of the Arab invasions.
Following the invasion of Iran by Muslim Arabs, Pirooz, son of Yazdegerd
III, escaped along with a few Persian nobles and took refuge in the Chinese
imperial court. Both Piroz and his son Narsieh (Chinese neh-shie) were
given high titles at the Chinese court. At least in two occasions, last one
possibly in 670, Chinese troops were sent with Pirooz in order to restore him
to the Sassanid throne with mixed results, one possibly ending up in a short
rule of Pirooz in Sistan (Sakestan) from which we have a few remaining
numismatic evidence. Narsieh later attained the position of commander of the
Chinese imperial guards and his descendants lived in China as respected
princes.
Future of the Relations between Iran and China:
As of 2014, China's public opinion of Iran was viewed at
30%, slightly up from 26% in 2013. That means Iran is slowly getting a positive
image to China. On July 20,2015, The UN Security Council votedunanimouslythis morning to approve the deal negotiated between Iran and the P5+1
(France, UK, Russia, China, the United States and Germany). The deal lifts
international sanctions against Iran in exchange for Iran limiting its nuclear
program. The deal also includes snap-back provisions if Iran is found to be out
of compliance. And thus China wasn’t against Iran.
There are also some other sectors that could be played as determinants to
the future of Sino-Persian relations.
Empress Shahbanu Farah Pahlavi and Prime Minister Hoveyda, staat visit, China, 1972
Oil and Gas:
One of the main pillars of the relationship between China and Iran is oil
and gas. According to Wikipedia, China switched to petroleum primarily to get
their energy supply off of coal. There was a rapid increase in oil importation
from 1974 into the 1990s.In 2011, approximately 10% of China's oil imports were
from Iran. Approximately 80% of China’s total imports from Iran are oil and the
rest is mineral and chemical products. Because of this reliance on Iranian oil
and gas, China is now investing in the modernization of Iran’s oil and gas
sector to secure access to the resource. The China National
Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) was granted an $85 million contract to
drill 19 wells in the natural gas fields in Southern Iran and signed another
similar $13 million contract.Then again in 2004, an agreement was reached where
China would import 270 million tons of natural gas over 30 years from South Par
fields which is the richest natural gas fields in the world for $70 billion.
Another Chinese company, Sinopec Group, gets half-share in
Yardarvaran oil fields worth about 100 billion for the purpose of exploration.
Later in 2007, CNPC signed a $3.6 billion deal to develop offshore gas fields
in Iran and then signed another $2 billion contract to develop the northern
Iranian oil field near Ahvaz. Not only is China helping to develop the oil and
gas sector, but China supports Iran’s ambitions to bring Caspian Sea oil and
gas to Southern Iranian ports through pipelines so the resources can be
exported to Europe and Asia. Iran relies upon its oil sales to China to ensure
its fiscal well-being. China also sells gasoline to Iran despite international
pressures that have halted Iran’s ability to get gasoline from other suppliers.
China finds in Iran a permanent partner for its
exports and a source for its growing energy demand. In March 2004, Zhuhai
Zhenrong Corporation, a Chinese state-run company, signed a 25-year
contract to import 110 million metric tons of Liquefied Natural Gas
(LNG) from Iran. This was followed by another contract between Sinopec
and Iran LNG, signed in October of the same year. The deal,
worth $100 billion, adds an extra 250 million tons of LNG to China's energy
supply, to be extracted from Iran's Yadavaran field over a 25-year
period. In January 2009, Iran and China signed a $1.76bn contract for the
initial development of the North Azadegan oil field in western Iran. In March
the two countries struck a three-year $3.39 billion deal to produce liquefied natural
gas in Iran's mammoth South Pars natural gas field.
Because of its limited refining capacity Iran imports one third of its refined
products such as petrol from China.
In 2011, the group Green Experts of Iran reported that Beijing and Tehran
had signed an extensive deal that would give China exclusive rights to several
Iranian oil and natural gas fields through 2024. Under the terms of the deal,
Iran will give Chinese oil companies exclusive rights to three large regions of
Iranian land as well as the rights to build all necessary infrastructure for
these regions, all of which sit atop of large oil and natural gas fields. In
return, China promises to treat any foreign attack against these regions as
attacks against its own sovereign territory, and will defend them as such.
China will have no need for prior permission from the Iranian government to
maintain and increase its military presence in Iran, and will control the
movement of Iranians in and out of these territories. The Green Experts of Iran
speculate that this agreement was the concrete basis for Major General Zhang
Zhaozhong's statement that "China will not hesitate to protect Iran even
with a third World War."
Trade:
There existed unofficial trade relations between Iran and China during the
cold war and steadily increased. Trade reached 1.627 billion in the 1980s and
15 billion in 2007. In 2001, the volume of trade between Iran and China stood
at roughly $3.3 billion, and in 2005, the volume of Sino-Iranian trade hit US$
9.2 billion.Iran's Deputy Minister of Commerce Mehdi Ghazanfari speculated that
trade exchanges between Iran and China would exceed $25 billion in 2008. In
2005, exports from China represented 8.3% of the total import market in Iran,
giving China the second largest share of the market after Germany. China's
exports to Iran have experienced particularly rapid growth in the past five
years, with China replacing Japan as the world's second largest exporter to
Iran. Iran's imports from China rose by 360% between 2000 and 2005.China is now
responsible for about 9.5% of all Iranian imports. In 1988, the Iranian market
opened up to Chinese industry when the PRC began economic restructuring. Once
profitable trade relations were established, The PRC invested in Tehran’s
subway systems, dams, fishery, and cement factories while Iran helped supply
China with the highly desired minerals coal, zinc, lead, and copper. Trade
between the two states also included power generation, mining, and
transportation equipment along with arms and consumer goods such as
electronics, auto parts, and toys. Iran–China trade value reached $45 billion
in 2011 and is expected to increase to $50 billion by 2012.
Ali Akbar Salehi, Iran's former representative to the International
Atomic Energy Agency, said that the two countries "mutually
complement each other. They have industry and we have energy resources". Now,
with a mammoth $46 billion investment, China plans to build a modern version of
the Silk Road through Pakistan and beyond. And that could be a new door to
see the relations between two.
Sino-Iran The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Policywatch 2435, 11 June 2015,www.kevjnlim.com
Political:
Military
China is believed to have helped Iran militarily in the following areas:
conduct training of high-level officials on advanced systems, provide technical
support, supply specialty steel for missile construction, provide control
technology for missile development, build a missile factory and test range. It
is rumored that China is responsible for aiding in the development of advanced
conventional weapons including surface-to-air missiles, combat aircraft, radar
systems, and fast-attack missile vessels. It wasn’t until the 1990s that the
relationship between China and Iran came under close scrutiny by the United
States. From this scrutiny it became known that China was using North Korea to
traffic arms during the Iran-Iraq war to avoid antagonizing the West but later
cut out the middle man. In the years of 1984–1986, about $1–2 billion worth of
arms sales occurred. And then in 1986, Iran obtained Chinese-made anti-ship
surface-to-surface missiles that posed a threat to Persian Gulf shipping. In
possessing these missiles, Iran is able to control the Straits of Hormuz and
all of the naval trade to and from the Gulf countries. In later inquiries, it
was discovered that China sold Iran precursor and dual-use chemicals and the
technology and equipment needed to use them. In 1996, the Washington Post
exposed that China was supplying chemical weapons plants in Iran that were
destined for the Army. Arms exports began to steadily decline in the 1990s yet
China engaged in $400 million worth of arms transfer agreements with Iran.
Sales increased to $600 million from 1997-2000. On average, it is estimated
that China made $171 million per year in arms exports to Iran since 1982.
Nuclear Weapons
Nuclear cooperation began in the 1980s when China helped build a research
reactor and supply four other research reactors. Continued aid came in the form
of helping Iran construct a uranium hexafluoride enrichment
plant near Isfahan and resume construction on a nuclear power plant at Bushehr
that was left uncompleted by the French and Germans. In 1991, nuclear exports
to Iran were discovered by the International Atomic Energy Association, which
contained three types of uranium. A 1990 covert nuclear agreement was also
discovered. This discovery was followed by an unprecedented nuclear cooperation
agreement in 1992. The agreement was signed despite US protests to have China
limit its nuclear cooperation with Iran. Direct nuclear cooperation has ended
but there is speculation over whether there remains indirect nuclear
cooperation. For example, in 2005, 7 Chinese firms were suspected of selling
nuclear weapons technology and all 7 had sanctions placed upon them. Those
firms were banned from trading with the United States for two years. There also
continues to be Chinese nuclear experts, scientists, and technicians present in
Iran. Now, China opposes Iran’s possible production and possession of nuclear
weapons but does not see the urgency to stop it.
Politics and Ideology
The political and economic ties between China and Iran are not ironclad.
China has been careful in deals with Iran while simultaneously trying not to
antagonize China’s relationship with the US. The cooperation emerges partly
from Chinese and Iranian recognition as a fellow heir to a great civilization
and because Iran has emerged as the regional leader in the Middle East. There
is also a shared distrust of the United States. There is also Iranian
admiration for China’s rapid economic growth. But with that growth, China has
become the scapegoat for the problems in Iranian politics yet their economic
contributions to Iran are appreciated and respected.
Iran can use its links with China to build more links across Asia while
remaining insulated from US attack.
Iran,China and UN
Iran did not originally support China’s bid for United Nations membership
but did not veto it. It wasn’t until 1969 that Iran displayed open support for
China’s membership. Now, it is seen that Iran relies upon China’s membership
and especially Chinese veto power on the Security Council to protect it from UN
or US led action. China is known for its opposition of sanctions against
another state and favors diplomatic efforts. This tradition includes China’s
position on UN sanctions against Iran in the past. In 1980, China refused to
support the UN arms embargo against Iran and abstained from voting on US-based
sanctions against Iran as well. It was not until 2010 that China entertained
the idea of joining in on the economic sanctions presented against Iran. China
supported the 2010 UN sanctions which caused some tension and reevaluation of
Iranian-Chinese relations. In retaliation, Iran briefly aroused interest in the
plight of Muslims in China.
Social:
There are several social connections between the two states. The two
societies psychologically identify with one another because they both share the
national pride and historical identity that comes along with being descendant
of two great empires. Despite the psychological difference, there existed
limited interactions after the Chinese Revolution in 1949 but social
interactions improved after the 1960s. Now there exists open support for the
other regime as seen in Iran’s support of the action at Tienanmen Square and
Chinese condemnation of the United States’ attack on an Iranian passenger
plane. Even Chinese state-ran news agencies upheld the validity of the
internationally controversial election and ultimately attributed any problems
that day to terrorists and vandals. They purposefully left out images of
Iranian security forces brutalizing the protesters. The Iranian media does not
always adhere to a favorable view of China. Iranian media constantly complains
about Chinese price gouging, material inferiority, and that the cheap Chinese
imports are driving small Iranian businesses out of business. Despite some of
the bad press China has attracted in Iran, about 2,000 Chinese now live in
Tehran and 70 Chinese companies relocated to Iran. Recently, Tehran has
experienced the introduction of Chinese restaurants into cultural life.
On July9, 2015, in Ufa, the capital city of Russia’s Republic of Bashkortostan,
the 15th summit meeting of the member states of the Shanghai
Cooperation Organization (SCO) was held. This meeting was about to have a
discussion on problems between Russia and the West over the crisis in Ukraine. Besides
this, simultaneous with the final steps taken toward Iran nuclear deal by
Tehran and the P5+1 group of countries was also in that agenda. The SCO has
been considered as one of the most important Asian actors in international
system in interactions among big world powers since the end of the Cold War.
This may facilitate future studies on relations between Iran and China.From Iran's
viewpoint, membership in the SCO, as a cooperative, regional and east-oriented
organization, would be a step toward establishment of a multi polar
balance-seeking world system in the twenty first century, when Asia is
constantly being emerged as rising power.
So,the discussions above indicate that Iran and
China have some strong interdependence that might influence their relations to
be stronger in near future. According to some Muslim scholars, Dajjal would be
arisen from Iran. Though there is no authentic source regarding this yet, history indicates that Iran might be a part of key power in end times. And at present, we are observing the new transformation of Iran. It has become more powerful that couldn't be denied by rest of the world powers. People of Iran are being westernized also . Oftenwomen are seen as out of veiltherenow. On the other hand,China has already emerged as economical tycoon. Now it is one of the most important members of super power group. Yajooj and Majooj are related to end
times. If they really exist in China, then the relation between Iran and China
is not only meant for the near future; but also be significant for end times.Moreover,the structure of Shanghai Cooperation reminding us that ancient silk road; the great empire of Cyrus the Great where including Iran,China and Eurasia, was the nerve point of the world. Recently, there are some parts of the Great Wall of China are being broken due
to the miss deeds of some village people. After having thousands years of glory , suddenly
this kind of crack might be a warning.
