Author : Rumana Reza
Today's part is about some irrelevant (till now) things which will be appeared as relevant on next part .Jello Powder
As the protein molecules come out of
solution, they stick to each other. When they stick to each other, they form a
complicated matrix that runs all through the jello. You can think of it as a
giant mixed-up jungle gym of little protein molecules all sticking together.
The water molecules get caught up inside this matrix so they can't just drain
out.
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| Jello powder |
So jello
is a sort of semi-rigid structure suspended in a liquid. That's an example of
something that's called a 'colloid'. If you heat it up enough, the protein structure
will become dissolved again and it will become a liquid all through. But if you
cool it down enough, the liquid water will freeze, becoming a solid itself.(https://van.physics.illinois.edu)
Gelatin or gelatine (from Latin: gelatus meaning
"stiff", "frozen") is a translucent, colourless, brittle
(when dry), flavourless foodstuff, derived from collagen obtained
from various animal by-products. It is commonly used as a gelling agent in food, pharmaceuticals,photography,
and cosmetic
manufacturing. Substances containing gelatin or functioning in a similar way
are called gelatinous. Gelatin is an irreversibly hydrolyzed form
of collagen. It is found in most gummy candy as
well as other products such as marshmallows, gelatin dessert, and
some ice
cream, dip and yogurt.
Household gelatin comes in the form of sheets, granules, or powder. Instant
types can be added to the food as they are; others need to be soaked in water
beforehand.
Collagen
Collagen /ˈkɒlədʒɨn/ is
the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective
tissues in animals. As the main component of connective tissue, it
is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up from 25% to 35%
of the whole-body protein content.
Collagen,
in the form of elongated fibrils, is
mostly found in fibrous tissues such
as tendons, ligaments and skin. It is
also abundant in corneas, cartilage,bones, blood
vessels, the gut, intervertebral discs and the dentin in
teeth.In muscle
tissue, it serves as a major component of the endomysium.
Collagen constitutes one to two percent of muscle tissue, and accounts for 6%
of the weight of strong, tendinous muscles.The fibroblast is
the most common cell that creates collagen.
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| Collagen triple helix |
Gelatin, which
is used in food and industry, is collagen that has been irreversibly hydrolyzed.
Collagen also has many medical uses in treating complications of the bones and
skin.
The
name collagen comes from the Greek κόλλα (kólla),
meaning "glue",
and suffix -γέν, -gen, denoting "producing". This refers to the
compound's early use in the process of boiling the skin and sinews of horses and other animals to
obtain glue.
Gel
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| Gel |
A gel (coined
by 19th-century Scottish chemist Thomas
Graham, by clipping from gelatine) is a
solid, jelly-like material
that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are
defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system,
which exhibits no flow when in the steady-state.By
weight, gels are mostly liquid, yet they behave like solids due to a
three-dimensional cross-linked network within the liquid. It is the
crosslinking within the fluid that give a gel its structure (hardness) and
contribute to the adhesive stick (tack). In
this way gels are a dispersion of molecules of a liquid within a solid in which
the solid is the continuous phase and the liquid is the discontinuous phase.
Aerogel
Aerogel is
a synthetic porous ultralight material derived from a gel, in
which the liquid component of the gel has been replaced with a gas. The
result is a solid with extremely low density and
low thermal conductivity. Nicknames include frozen
smoke,solid smoke, solid
air, or blue smoke owing to its translucent nature and the way light scatters in
the material. It feels like fragile expanded polystyrene to the touch. Aerogels
can be made from a variety of chemical compounds.
Aerogel
was first created by Samuel Stephens Kistler in 1931, as a result of a
bet with
Charles Learned over who could replace the liquid in "jellies" with
gas without causing shrinkage.
Aerogels
are produced by extracting the liquid component of a gel through supercritical drying. This allows the liquid to be
slowly dried off without causing the solid matrix in the gel to collapse
from capillary action, as would happen with
conventional evaporation. The first aerogels were produced
from silica gels. Kistler's later work involved aerogels
based on alumina, chromia and tin
dioxide. Carbonaerogels were first developed in the late 1980s.
Aerogel
does not have a designated material with set chemical formula but the term is
used to group all the material with a certain geometric structure.
In Summary, A gel is any liquid (usually)
or gaseous medium suspended in a solid three-dimensional mesh which entraps the
medium so that it does not flow.
By way of (somewhat flawed analogy) think of a
giant role of bubble wrap. Its mostly air. But the plastic keeps the air from
flowing at a large scale.
Gels can range from very soft to very hard. New
modern aero-gels have fascinating properties.
Gelatin is a protein formed when collagen (a
connective protein in animals) is heated under moist conditions. Gelatin forms
cross-linked networks exceedingly well, and therefore is a wonderful gelling
agent.The name has also taken to mean the gel created
from gelatin and a water-based liquid like stock or sugary flavored water. You
may have guessed by now that gels in general take their name from gelatin.
Simplification of some confusing words:
*Gels are the general category, and gelatin (in the second sense)
is a specific kind of gel.
*Gelatinization means the starch grains swelling,
releasing the starch molecules, which then cross link to thicken the liquid.
The gel forms, trapping water between chains of starch. It is a heating
process.
*Gelation is a cooling process as the gel sets.
What is Plasma?
A plasma is an ionized gas, a gas into which sufficient energy is provided to free electrons from atoms or molecules and to allow both species, ions and electrons(with their nucleus) , to coexist. Plasma is the most common state of matter in the universe. They are even common here on earth. Gas can become plasma in several ways, but all include pumping the gas with energy. A spark in a gas will create a plasma. A hot gas passing through a big spark will turn the gas stream into a plasma that can be useful. Plasma torches like that are used in industry to cut metals.Sun is the good example of plasma. The sun's enormous heat rips electrons off the hydrogen and helium molecules that make up the sun. Essentially, the sun, like most stars, is a great big ball of plasma.
Amino Acid
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